Fluid dispenser

ABSTRACT

Dispensing assemblies, methods, and kits of parts for dispensing two separate fluids to an treatment site, including entraining non-atomized flow of a first fluid in an atomized flow of a second fluid, delivering a first fluid upstream from a second fluid, delivering a first fluid and a second fluid with re-shapeable malleable tubes, delivering first and second fluids with releasable connectors maintained by a handle assembly, and kits of parts with angularly offset pockets.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit under § 119(e)(1), and incorporatesherein by reference an entirety of, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/673,701, filed Apr. 21, 2005 and entitled “Tip and AssociatedDispenser.”

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention is in the field of systems utilized to apply two or moreseparate fluids, including freely flowing fluids and viscous fluids orcombinations thereof, by delivering them substantially simultaneously toa single location. More particularly, the invention's field concernssystems for simultaneously spraying two or more non-homogeneousmaterials from two or more syringes.

BACKGROUND

There are a variety of procedures that require the mixing of two or moresubstances before the mixed compound can be used. Often, the materialsthat are mixed are volatile, short lived, vulnerable, expensive,precious, unique or irreplaceable.

There are circumstances in which it is desirable to dispense liquid orsemi-liquid materials in a predetermined ratio. The materials mayinclude reactive, two component adhesives, sealants, coating, or pottingcompounds, in which one material may comprise a resin compound and theother material a catalyst.

Dispensers for two or more components are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.3,223,083; 2,112,160; 5,290,259; 4,609,371; 4,631,055; 4,735,616;4,874,368 4,978,336; 4,979,942; 5,104,375; 5,116,315; 5,185,001;5,290,259; 5,322,510; 5,368,563; 5,376,079; 5,464,396; 5,474,540;5,520,658; 5,582,596; 5,584,815; 5,605,255; 5,643,206; 5,665,067;5,887,755; 5,975,367; 5,989,215; 6,234,994; 6,394,982; 5,368,563;6,454,739 and 6,132,396.

One dispensing application relates to fibrin. Clotting of blood in vivotakes place by conversion of the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen intofibrin, which spontaneously polymerizes into an insoluble gel matrixthat can attach to adjacent tissue. The gel matrix stops bleeding andstabilizes structures. Thrombin catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen tofibrin can be reproduced in vitro and has great utility for adheringtissues and achieving hemostasis. Such fibrin sealants and fibrin gluesare available commercially and are also made in blood processinglaboratories. Preparation and use of fibrinogen-based sealants have beenextensively reviewed.

Fibrin sealants and fibrin glues and adhesives based on combiningfibrinogen-containing solutions with thrombin-containing solutions areused to reduce bleeding and restore hemostasis during surgicalprocedures. They have been known and in use for many years during whichfibrin technology has evolved significantly. For example, fibrin clotscan be made using different concentrations of fibrinogen in conjunctionwith the thrombin solution. Subsequent developments in fibrin technologyinclude cryoprecipitate fibrinogen. In some applications, concentratedplasma is used as the fibrinogen component in fibrin sealants.

Similarly, various types of applicators for fibrin glue are known. Thechemical and biological properties of liquid resulting from combiningfibrinogen and thrombin solutions are sometimes difficult to predict.Because of the rapid polymerization upon intimate interaction offibrinogen and thrombin, it is desirable to keep these two bloodproteins separate until application to the site of use. In practice, thetwo components are typically dispensed simultaneously from separatesyringes and brought together by means of an applicator manifold.

With some known assemblies, a retaining means is used to maintainsyringes carrying the dispensing materials. One retaining means includesa generally trough-shaped or sleeve-shaped retaining structure includingappropriate troughs or sleeves for receiving the syringe bodies. Inaddition, the retaining means is provided with finger grips laterallyprojecting in opposite directions. The retaining structure can includeelastically yielding snap-in projections that hold the syringe bodies.To actuate the pistons of the syringe bodies, a grip element is used. Inparticular, the grip element is connected to the pistons of the syringesfor stabilizing and improving the guidance of the piston rods whenactuating the syringe device. It has also been proposed to connect aguide rod with the common grip element. In order to improve tracking,the guide rod extends through a guide bore formed in the retainingmeans.

Methods for making platelet gels from blood or blood components are alsowell known. Platelet gels, devices suitable for manufacturing gels fromblood components, and methods for making such gels are disclosed in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,851,169; 6,444,228; 6,475,175; 6,589,153; 6,612,975;6,596,180; 6,719,901; and 6,793,828 and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos.2004-0055937 and 2003-0232712. The entire contents of each of thesepatents and applications are incorporated herein by reference.

Dispensers suitable for applying a gel-like substance (e.g. a plateletgel) to a body are disclosed in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 2002-0004038 A1and 2003-0233067 A1.

Improvements in sprayer type applicator tips remain to be realized. Forexample, sprayer type applicator tips where a volumetric ratio of thetwo separate fluids to be dispensed is from 3:1 to 10:1 can encountersignificant difficulties. In particular, in some spray applicatorsystems currently available, the larger volume fluid tends to atomizewith ease while the lesser volume fluid will only drip or marginallyatomize from respective spray nozzles. This problem can become even moresignificant when it is desired to have the two components mix as theyare applied to a treatment site. Where there is a base media (e.g.,platelet rich plasma) and an activator (e.g., thrombin) that can mix andcreate a fluid that can solidify or gel in as little as 2 seconds, priorart commercialized devices can encounter problems with clogging,providing optimal mixing, and achieving a desired spray pattern.

Additionally, some prior art bead type applicators use a form ofhypodermic stainless steel needles to create the two lumens. Althoughthis is effective, one significant shortcoming is that these areconsidered sharps and require great care in the handling, use, anddisposal.

Yet another problem encountered in some prior art assemblies resides inretaining structure designs. Such retaining structures are used to holdthe syringe barrels in a parallel state, but fail to hold an associatedapplicator tip attachment. This may lead to undesired leakage orseparation of the syringe barrels and the applicator tip due to assemblyerrors or the forces encountered during use.

SUMMARY

One embodiment of the present invention provides a tip assembly for usein dispensing a first fluid maintained in a first syringe assembly and asecond fluid maintained in a second syringe assembly to a treatment siteof a patient. The tip assembly includes a connecting element and a tipelement. The connecting element defines a first chamber configured to bein fluid communication with a first syringe assembly and a secondchamber configured to be in fluid communication with a second syringeassembly. The tip element includes a nozzle and defines a first orificeand a second orifice. The first orifice extends from an origin to aterminal end with the origin in fluid communication with the firstchamber. The second orifice extends through the nozzle from an origin toa terminal end with the origin in fluid communication with the secondchamber. In terms of the relative position of the two orifices, theterminal end of the second orifice resides in a different plane than theterminal end of the first orifice.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method ofdispensing two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of apatient. The method includes providing a fluid delivery system. Thefluid delivery system includes a first syringe assembly maintaining afirst fluid and a second syringe assembly maintaining a second fluid.The system also includes a tip element. The tip element defines a firstorifice and a second orifice. The first orifice extends to a terminalend and is in fluid communication with the first syringe assembly. Thesecond orifice extends to a terminal end and is in fluid communicationwith the second syringe assembly. The method also includes dispensing afirst flow of the first fluid from the terminal end of the first orificeinto a second flow of the second fluid from the terminal end of thesecond orifice, wherein the first and second flows differ in flow type.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a manifoldassembly for use in fluid dispensing system for delivering twoseparately maintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. Themanifold assembly includes a mating fixture, a first tube, and a secondtube. The mating fixture is coupleable to a first syringe assembly and asecond syringe assembly. The first tube includes a flexible body and isin fluid communication with the mating fixture. The first tube is alsofluidly coupleable to a tip assembly having a first orifice and a secondorifice. The first and second orifices are for delivering a first fluidand a second fluid, respectively. The second tube also includes aflexible body with the second tube in fluid communication with themating fixture and fluidly coupleable to the tip assembly.

Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a method ofdispensing two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of apatient. The method includes providing a fluid dispensing system. Thesystem includes a first syringe assembly maintaining a first fluid and asecond syringe assembly maintaining a second fluid. The system alsoincludes a tip assembly defining a first orifice and a second orificeand a manifold assembly. The manifold assembly includes a first tube anda second tube. The first tube includes a flexible body and is in fluidcommunication with the first syringe and fluidly coupleable to the tipassembly. The second tube includes a flexible body and is in fluidcommunication with the second connector and fluidly coupleable to thetip assembly. In particular, the method includes cutting the first andsecond tubes to a desired length and fluidly coupling the first tube andthe tip assembly, such that the first tube is in fluid communicationwith the first orifice. The method also includes fluidly coupling thesecond tube and the tip assembly, such that the second tube is in fluidcommunication with the second orifice. The first fluid is delivered fromthe first syringe assembly, through the first tube, to the first orificeand the second fluid is delivered from the second syringe assembly,through the second tube, and to the second orifice.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a handle assemblyfor use in fluid delivery system for delivering two separatelymaintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The handle assemblyincludes a latitudinal member, a first connector, a second connector,and a longitudinal stem. The latitudinal member extends from a first endto a second, opposing end and defines a centerline between the two ends.The first connector is located at the first end of the latitudinalmember and is releasably and fluidly coupleable to a first syringe. Thesecond connector is located at the second end of the latitudinal memberand is releasably and fluidly coupleable to a second syringe. Thelongitudinal stem extends from the latitudinal member at an offset tothe centerline of the latitudinal member.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a kit of partsassociated with a fluid dispensing system for dispensing two separatelymaintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The kit includes afirst syringe, a first specimen cup, and a tray. The first syringe isfor delivering a first fluid and the first specimen cup maintains thefirst fluid prior to delivery. The tray defines a bottom support surfacefor maintaining the tray in a horizontal position. The tray also definesa pocket for maintaining the first specimen cup in a vertically tippedposition. In particular, the pocket defines an angular offset to thehorizontal position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment fluid dispensing systemin accordance with principles of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded, perspective view of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of one embodiment handle assembly assembled toembodiment syringe assemblies of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an exploded, perspective view of the handle assembly of FIG.3;

FIG. 5 is an exploded, perspective view of one embodiment manifoldassembly of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a cut-away, perspective view of embodiment first and secondtubes of the manifold assembly of FIG. 5 cut-away along line 6-6 of FIG.5;

FIG. 7 is an exploded, perspective view of one embodiment tip assemblyof the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of one embodiment connecting element of thetip assembly of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the connecting element of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of one embodiment tip element of the tipassembly of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the tip element of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment tip element inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 13 is another perspective view of the tip element of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment tip assembly inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 15 is another perspective view of the tip assembly of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another embodiment tip element inaccordance with the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of one embodiment kit of parts inaccordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 18 is a front view of one embodiment tray of the kit of parts ofFIG. 17.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of a fluid dispensing system 10 is shown in FIG. 1. Thefluid dispensing system 10 includes a clip assembly 12, a first syringeassembly 14, a second syringe assembly 16, a handle assembly 18, amanifold assembly 20, and a tip assembly 22. In general terms, the clipassembly 12 and handle assembly 18 can be grasped and manipulated tosimultaneously actuate the first and the second syringe assemblies 14,16 to deliver separately maintained fluids (not shown) from the syringeassemblies 14, 16 through the manifold assembly 20, and to the tipassembly 22. As will be understood in greater with reference to the textthat follows, embodiments of the system 10 can provide advantages inmixing the separately maintained fluids upon dispensing them. Forexample, the system 10 can be used to dispense reactive therapeuticagents, medicaments, tissue sealants, and/or tissue glues, for example,platelet rich plasma and thrombin.

With reference to FIG. 2, in one embodiment the clip assembly 12 isconfigured to allow a user (not shown) to actuate the first syringeassembly 14 and the second syringe assembly 16 simultaneously. The firstsyringe assembly 14 and the second syringe assembly 16 can be of a typeknown in the art, including those used in various types of medicalapplications. The first syringe assembly 14 includes a syringe body 24and a plunger 26. The syringe body 24 defines a proximal end 28, adistal end 30, and an internal lumen (not shown) having a diameter andconfigured to maintain a volume of fluid. The plunger 26 is coaxiallyreceived in the internal lumen and defines a proximal end 32 and adistal end (not shown).

The second syringe assembly 16 includes a syringe body 36 and a plunger38. The syringe body 36 defines a proximal end 40, a distal end 42, andan internal lumen (not shown) having a diameter and configured tomaintain a volume of fluid. The plunger 38 is coaxially received in theinternal lumen and defines a proximal end 44 and a distal end (notshown).

The first syringe assembly 14 maintains a volume of a first fluid (notshown), such as a base fluid, e.g., platelet rich plasma (not shown),while the second syringe assembly 16 separately maintains a volume of asecond fluid (not shown), such as an activator fluid, e.g., thrombin. Inone embodiment, a portion of the syringe body 24 is color-coded andcharacterized by a color, for example red, while a portion of thesyringe body 36 is characterized by a color, for example white. Thecolors of the syringe bodies 24, 36 can generally correspond to a colorof the first and second fluids, respectively. The plungers 26, 38 canalso be characterized by colors such as those described. The firstsyringe assembly 14 is configured to maintain a larger volume of fluidthan the second syringe assembly 16. For example, the syringe body 24can define a greater diameter than the syringe body 36. The firstsyringe assembly 14 and the second syringe assembly 16 maintain volumesof the first and second fluids, respectively to define a relativevolumetric ratio. In one embodiment, the volumetric ratio of the firstand second syringe assemblies 14, 16, is 1:1; in another, the volumetricratio is 3:1; in another, the volumetric ratio is 5:1; in another, thevolumetric ratio is 10:1; and in yet another, the volumetric ratio is11:1. However, it should be understood that other ratios can be equallyacceptable, for example ratios in a range of 1:1 to 10:1, greater than11:1, or less than 1:1.

In one embodiment, the system 10 is configured to deliver a highervolumetric flow rate of the first fluid (not shown) than a volumetricflow rate of the second fluid (not shown). For example, where theinternal lumen (not shown) of the syringe body 24 is of a greaterdiameter than the internal lumen (not shown) of the syringe body 36,simultaneous actuation of the plungers 26 and 38, for example via theclip assembly 12, results in a higher volumetric flow rate of the firstfluid from the syringe assembly 14 than the second fluid from the secondsyringe assembly 18.

With reference to FIG. 3, the handle assembly 18 can be described ingreater detail. The handle assembly 18 includes a grasping portion 48, alongitudinal stem 50, latitudinal member 52, a first connector 54, and asecond connector 56. The grasping portion 48 extends from thelongitudinal stem 50 and can help allow a user to simultaneously imparta force on the grasping portion 48, for example with a middle finger(not shown) and a ring finger (not shown), and a complementary force onthe clip assembly 12 (FIG. 2), for example with a thumb (not shown).

With reference to FIG. 4, the longitudinal stem 50 defines alongitudinal axis X and, in turn, extends proximally from thelatitudinal member 52. The latitudinal member 52 extends between a firstend 58 and an opposing second end 60 and defines a center between thefirst and second ends 58, 60 along a centerline Y. As shown the firstand second connectors 54, 56 are opposingly located relative to thecenter at the first and second ends 58, 60, respectively of thelatitudinal member 52. In one embodiment, the longitudinal stem 50extends at an offset from the latitudinal member 52. For example, thelongitudinal axis X can define an offset distance O_(D) from thecenterline Y. From this, it should be understood that the longitudinalstem 50 can also reside at an offset from the center between the firstand second connectors 54, 56.

With reference between FIGS. 3 and 4, the first and second connectors54, 56 are configured to receive the distal ends 30, 42 of the first andsecond syringe assembly syringe bodies 24, 36, respectively. Forexample, in one embodiment, the first and second connectors 54, 56 areluer fittings. As such, the first connector 54 can include a tubularportion 62 and a male fitting 64. The tubular portion 62 is formedthrough the first end 58 of the latitudinal member 52 and defines afluid passageway for conveying fluid (not shown) from the first syringeassembly 14. In one embodiment, the first connector 54 is color-coded.For example, the male fitting 64 can be characterized by a color such asred.

In turn, the second connector 56 can also include a tubular portion 66and a male fitting 68. The tubular portion 66 is formed through thesecond end 60 of the latitudinal member 52 and defines a fluidpassageway for conveying the second fluid (not shown). In oneembodiment, the second connector 56 is color-coded. For example, themale fitting 68 can be characterized by a color such as white.

As shown in FIG. 4, the longitudinal stem 50 is situated at the offsetdistance O_(D) such that a larger sized syringe body (e.g., syringe body24) can only fit on a predetermined side of the handle assembly 18. Forexample, the offset distance O_(D) can be selected to restrict whichsyringe body 24, 36 can be coupled to which of the first and secondconnectors 54, 56. In one embodiment, the longitudinal stem 50 ispositioned relative to the first and second connectors 54, 56 such thatthe first syringe assembly 14 cannot be coupled to the second connector56. As will be understood in greater detail below, predetermining towhich side the syringe assemblies 14, 16 are properly connectible canensure that the first fluid (not shown) and the second fluid (not shown)are delivered to an appropriate part of the tip assembly 22.

With reference to FIG. 5, the manifold assembly 20 includes a jacket 70,a first tube 72, and a second tube 74. In general terms, the manifoldassembly 30 is configured to facilitate fluid communication betweencontents of the first and second syringe assemblies 14, 16 (FIG. 2) andthe tip assembly 22 (FIG. 2).

The jacket 70 includes a hollow sleeve 76 and a mating fixture 78. Itshould be noted that in FIG. 5, the sleeve 76 is shown slid distallydown the first and second tubes 72, 74 relative to the assembledconfiguration of the manifold assembly 20 shown in FIG. 2. With that inmind, the hollow sleeve 76 defines a proximal end 80 and a distal end82. The mating fixture 78 is configured to be coupled to the proximalend 80 of the hollow sleeve 76, for example via a snap fit. The matingfixture 78 includes a first fitting extension 84, a second fittingextension 86, and a tube guide 88. The first and second fittingextensions 84, 86 each define an inner lumen (not shown) configured tobe fluidly coupled to the first and second tubes 72, 74, respectively,and to mate with or otherwise be fluidly coupleable to the first andsecond connectors 54, 56 (FIG. 3) of the handle assembly 18 (FIG. 3).

The tube guide 88 is configured to assist in maintaining the first andsecond tubes 72, 74 within the hollow sleeve 76. As shown, the tubeguide 88 can be generally v-shaped or otherwise configured to secure andguide the tubes 72, 74 from a laterally spaced configuration at theproximal end 80 of the hollow sleeve 76 to an adjacent position at thedistal end 82 of the hollow sleeve 76.

With additional reference to the partially cut-away view of FIG. 6, thefirst and second tubes 72, 74 can be described in greater detail. Ingeneral terms, the first and second tubes 72, 74 can be distinctlyformed, or can be formed jointly, for example with a thin piece ofmaterial connecting the first and second tubes together along a portionor entire length of the first and second tubes 72, 74. The first tube 72can be flexible, rigid, or semi-rigid. In one embodiment, the first tube72 is semi-rigid, defines a proximal end 90 and a distal end 92 andincludes a flexible body 94 and a bendable member 96 that is malleable.The flexible body 94 defines a first inner lumen 98 configured toreceive and convey the first fluid (not shown). In one embodiment, theflexible body 94 defines a second inner lumen (not shown) configured tocoaxially receive the bendable member 96. In one embodiment, theflexible body 94 can be formed over the bendable member 96 such that thesecond inner lumen is defined upon formation of the flexible body 94over, or about, the bendable member 96. In another embodiment, thebendable member 96 can be inserted into the second inner lumen.

The flexible body 94 can be constructed from a flexible, sterilizablematerial such as PVC or polyurethane. An outer diameter of the flexiblebody 94 can be approximately 0.125 inches, although other dimensions areequally acceptable. The first inner lumen 98 and/or the second innerlumen (not shown) can define diameters of approximately 0.035 inches,although other dimensions are equally acceptable. The flexible body 94can define a variety of lengths for adaptation to specific applicationneeds. As will be described below, in one embodiment, the first tube 72,including the flexible body 94 and bendable member 96, can be cut (usingsurgical scissors, for example) to a desired length.

In one embodiment, the bendable member 96 is an elongate and malleable.For example, the bendable member 96 can be a malleable, re-bendablewire, such as a stainless steel wire. In this manner, the flexible body94 can be provided with a malleable “backbone” to allow selectiveshaping, or bending of the first tube 72 such that the first tube 72 issemi-rigid. Due to the malleable nature of the bendable member 96, theflexible body 94 can be selectively repositioned in differentorientations which are independently retained by first tube 72 afterrepositioning. In this manner, the first tube 72 can be manuallytransitioned from a first non-bent state, to semi-rigidly define a firstbend (not shown), a second bend (not shown), a third bend (not shown)and so forth. In one embodiment, the first tube 72 can be shaped tofacilitate dispensing the first and second fluids (not shown) to adesired location.

In one embodiment, the first tube 72 is color-coded and characterized bya color, such as red. For example, the flexible body 94 of the secondtube 72 can be red. Additionally, it should be noted that in someembodiments, a reduced diameter first tube 72 is desired. For example,the flexible body 94 can define a single inner lumen (not shown) and becharacterized by the absence of the bendable member 96. In this manner,in one embodiment the first tube 72 can be completely flexible. In termsof use, there are several applications where a longer first tube 72 of asmaller diameter and increased flexibility are preferred (e.g., forvascular insertion or for reaching remote treatment sites).

In one embodiment, the second tube 74 is substantially similar to thefirst tube 72. For example, the second tube 74 can also define aproximal end 100 (FIG. 5) and a distal end 102 (FIG. 5) and include aflexible body 104 defining an inner lumen 105 and a bendable member 106.In this manner, the flexible body 104 can similarly be provided amalleable “backbone” via the bendable member 106 to allow selectiveshaping, or bending of the second tube 74. However, in anotherembodiment, the bendable member 96 of the first tube 72 can alone beused, without use of the bendable member 106, to allow selective shapingof both the first and the second tubes 72, 74. Regardless, in oneembodiment, the second tube 74 is color-coded and characterized by acolor, such as white. For example, the flexible body 104 of the secondtube 74 can be white.

With reference to FIG. 5, the manifold assembly 20 can be assembled asshown in FIG. 2 by fluidly coupling the proximal end 90 of the firsttube 72 to the first fitting extension 84 of the mating fixture 78, andthe second tube 74 to the second fitting extension 86. The first andsecond tubes 72, 74 can be directed out of the distal end 82 of thehollow sleeve 76. The mating fixture 78 can then be secured to theproximal end 80 of the hollow sleeve 76, for example via a snap fit.

With reference to FIG. 7, the tip assembly 22 includes a connectingelement 108 and a tip element 110. In general terms, the connectingelement 108 is coupled to the tip element 110 such that the two are influid communication. In one embodiment, the connecting element 108includes a sidewall 112, and an endwall 114 forming a first distalprojection 116 and a second distal projection 118.

With reference between FIGS. 8 and 9, the sidewall 112 of the connectingelement 108 defines a first chamber 128 and a second chamber 130. Thefirst chamber 128 is open opposite the endwall 114. The first distalprojection 116 has a hole 132 extending through the endwall 114 to thefirst chamber 128. A channel 134 is formed in the endwall 114, and inparticular the first distal projection 116, but not through an entiretythereof. The channel 134 extends tangentially from the hole 132 anddefines a cross-sectional area. The channel 134 is approximately 0.003to approximately 0.006 inches in width in one embodiment, although otherdimensions can be equally acceptable. In this manner, the channel 134 isin fluid communication with the first chamber 128 via the hole 132. Asshown, the hole 132 can be a first one of a plurality of holes and thechannel 134 can be a first one of a plurality of channels extendingtangentially from a corresponding one of the plurality of holes.

The second chamber 130 can be similarly formed to the first chamber 128with the second chamber 130 open opposite the endwall 114. In oneembodiment, the second distal projection 118 has a hole 136 extendingthrough the endwall 114 to the second chamber 130. A channel 138 canalso be formed in the endwall 114, and in particular the distalprojection 118, but not through an entirety thereof. The channel 138extends a length tangentially from the hole 136 and defines across-sectional area. The channel 138 is approximately 0.003 toapproximately 0.006 inches in width in one embodiment, although otherdimensions can be equally acceptable. Regardless, the channel 138 is influid communication with the second chamber 130 via the hole 136.Additionally, and as shown, the hole 136 can be a first one of aplurality of holes and the channel 138 can be a first one of a pluralityof channels extending tangentially from a corresponding one of theplurality of holes.

With additional reference to FIG. 7, the tip element 110 includes asidewall 140, an endwall 142, and a nozzle 144 extending from theendwall 142. In general terms, the tip element 110 can also have a firstorifice 146 and a second orifice 148.

With reference between FIGS. 7 and 10, in one embodiment, the sidewall122 can define a first receptacle 150 open opposite the endwall 142 anda second receptacle 152 open opposite the endwall 142. In oneembodiment, the first receptacle 150 and the first distal projection 116of the connecting element 108 can have complementary shapes, such thatthe first distal projection 116 is received within the first receptacle150 of the tip element 110. In turn, the second receptacle 152 and thesecond distal projection 118 can also be complementary in nature, suchthat the second distal projection 118 is receivable within the secondreceptacle 152.

With reference to FIG. 11, the first orifice 146 extends for a length L₁through the endwall 142 from an origin 154 open to the first receptacle150 to a terminal end 156. The first orifice 146 extends to the terminalend 156 to define a first flow direction D₁ and defines a volume 157.The first orifice 146 can taper from the origin 154 to the terminal end156. For example, a diameter of the first orifice 146 at the origin 154can be greater than a diameter of the first orifice 146 at the terminalend 156 to define a taper. Additional tapers are also contemplated insome embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the first orifice 146includes a first taper from a first, larger diameter to a second smallerdiameter, and a second taper from the smaller diameter to a third,larger diameter (not shown).

In one embodiment, the terminal end 156 of the first orifice 146 isapproximately 0.006 inches to approximately 0.020 inches in diameter,although other dimensions can be equally acceptable depending on thevolume and type of fluid being atomized, for example. Additionally, thelength L₁ can be approximately 0.05 inches, although other dimensionscan be equally acceptable.

The second orifice 148 includes a first portion 148 a formed in theendwall 142 and a second portion 148 b formed in the nozzle 144. Thefirst portion 148 a defines an origin 158 of the second orifice 148 andcan be described similarly to the first orifice 146. In particular, thefirst portion 148 a extends the length L₁ through the endwall 142. Thefirst portion 148 a defines a taper from a first diameter at the origin158 through the endwall 142 to a second, smaller diameter.

As shown, the second portion 148 b is formed through the nozzle 144. Thenozzle 144 extends distally from the endwall 142 at or through an angleΔ. In one embodiment, the angle Δ is approximately 45 degrees, althoughother dimensions can be equally acceptable. As formed, the secondportion 148 b extends for a length L₂ to define a terminal end 160 ofthe second orifice 148. In particular, the second portion 148 b extendsto the terminal end 160 to define a second flow direction D₂. In oneembodiment, the second orifice 148, including the first and secondportions 148 a, 148 b, defines a volume 161. It should be understoodthat the lengths L₁, L₂ as well as the diameter(s) of the second orifice148 can be selected to adjust the volume 161 of the second orifice 148.In one embodiment, the volume 161 of the second orifice 148 is greaterthan the volume 157 of the first orifice 146.

As shown in FIG. 11, angular extension of nozzle 144 results in theterminal end 160 of the second orifice 148 being located or offsetdistally to the terminal end 156 of the first orifice 146. In differentterms, the first and second orifices 146, 148, and in particular theterminal ends 156, 160, each reside in a different plane from the other,such that the two orifices 146, 148 terminate in different planes. Inthis particular, the terminal end 160 can be located offset and downstream from the terminal end 156. Furthermore, the directions D₁, D₂ canbe angularly offset at an angle γ, for example approximately 45 degrees.In another embodiment, the angle γ is approximately 90 degrees such thatthe directions D₁, D₂ are substantially perpendicular. As shown, the twodirections D₁, D₂ can intersect at a point P distal the terminal end 156of the first orifice 146 and spaced laterally from the terminal end 160of the second orifice 148. For example, the point P can be laterallyspaced a distance of approximately 0.020 inches from the terminal end160, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. As will bedescribed in the text that follows, the angle Δ and length L₂ of thenozzle 144 can be selected such that the second fluid (not shown) isdelivered from the terminal end 160 of the second orifice 148 into aflow of the first fluid (not shown) from the terminal end 156 of thefirst orifice 146.

With reference between FIGS. 7 and 10, the tip assembly 22 is assembledby inserting the first distal projection 116 of the connecting element108 into the first receptacle 150 of the tip element 110 and the seconddistal projection 118 into the second receptacle 152. The connectingelement 108 and tip element 110 can be secured together via aninterference-type fit, glues, welding, magnets, etc. The origin 154 ofthe first orifice 146 is tangentially related to the channel 134 whenthe connecting element 108 and the tip element 110 are assembled. Inthis manner, the first orifice 146 of the tip element 110 is in fluidcommunication with the first chamber 128 of the connecting element 108.It should be understood that, as shown, the channel 134 and associatedplurality of channels of the distal projection 116 are tangentiallyrelated to the origin 154 of the first orifice 146. In this manner, theorigin 154 of the first orifice 146 is centrally located relative to theplurality of channels such that each channel can deliver a tangentialflow of fluid to the first origin 154. The channel 138, as well as theplurality of channels, of the distal projection 118 can be similarly influid communication with the origin 158 of the second orifice 148. Aswill be understood in greater detail with reference to the followingtext, the tangential relationships described above facilitate rotationalacceleration of the first and the second fluids (not shown) as they moveinto the origins 154, 158 of the first and second orifices 146, 148respectively.

With reference to FIG. 2, an exemplary assembly of the fluid dispensingsystem 10 as shown in FIG. 1 can be described. The clip assembly 12 isfastened to the proximal ends 32, 44 of the plungers 26, 38 of the firstand second syringe assemblies 14, 16, respectively. The distal end 30 ofthe syringe body 24 of the first syringe assembly 12 is fluidly coupledto the first connector 54 of the handle assembly 18. In particular, thedistal end 30 is fluidly coupled to the tubular portion 62 of the firstconnector 54 such that the first syringe assembly 14 is in fluidcommunication with the tubular portion 62 of handle assembly 18. Thedistal end 30 of the syringe body 24 is screwed over the tubular portion62. The second syringe assembly 16 is similarly coupled to the secondconnector 56 of the handle assembly 18.

In one embodiment, the first and second connectors 54, 56 of the handleassembly 18 are, in turn, fluidly coupled to the manifold assembly 20such that the handle assembly 18 is in fluid communication with themanifold assembly 20. In particular, the tubular portion 62 of the firstconnector 54 is inserted into the first fitting extension 84 and themale fitting 64 is screwed over the first fitting extension 84 to form asecure fit. In this manner, the tubular portion 62 is in fluidcommunication with the fitting extension 84, which, in turn, is in fluidcommunication with the first tube 72, and in particular the inner lumen98 (FIG. 6).

In one embodiment, the second connector 56 is similarly fluidly coupledto the manifold assembly 20 such that the handle assembly 18 is in fluidcommunication with the manifold assembly 20, and in particular thesecond tube 74. It should be understood that in one embodiment, theconnectors 54, 56, such as luer fitting-type connectors, allow for quickdisconnect, reconnect, and a structurally secure and fluid conveying fitbetween the syringe assemblies 14, 16 and the manifold assembly 20 viathe handle assembly 18. In this manner, first and second connectors 58,60 fluidly couple the handle assembly 18 to the manifold assembly 20independent of other mechanisms. However, while the handle assembly 18has been described as defining a fluid passageway, it should beunderstood that other handle assemblies are also implemented in someembodiments of the present invention such that the first and secondsyringe assemblies 14, 16 are directly fluidly coupled to the manifoldassembly 20, for example in a manner similar to that described in U.S.Pat. App. Pub. No. 2003/0233067.

In one embodiment, the distal end 92 of the first tube 72 is insertedinto the first chamber 128 (FIG. 8) of the connecting element 108. Thefirst tube 72 can be retained in the first chamber 128 via aninterference-type fit, welds, adhesives, etc. In this manner, the innerlumen 98 (FIG. 6) is fluidly coupled with the first chamber 128. Thesecond tube 74 can be similarly assembled to the tip assembly 22 via thesecond chamber 130 (FIG. 7) and in fluid communication therewith. In oneembodiment, the first tube 74 and/or the second tube 76 are trimmed to adesired length prior to assembly with the tip assembly 22. For example,the first and second tube assemblies 74, 76 can be cut using surgicalscissors to define new distal ends 92, 102 prior to assembly to thefirst and second chambers 128, 130, respectively.

A user can be directed as to the proper assembly of the system 10 insome embodiments of the present invention. For example, a user can bekeyed to the proper assembly via the color-coding of various elementsdescribed above. In one embodiment, portions of the handle assembly 18and the manifold assembly 20 are characterized by colors, for examplered or white to indicate proper assembly of the system 10. It shouldalso be understood that portions of the tip assembly 22 and the firstand second syringe assemblies 14, 16 can also be color-coded. In oneembodiment, the color-coding of the elements corresponds generally to acolor characterizing the first and/or second fluids (not shown),respectively. In other words, a user can be directed to assemblecomponents of system 10 such that a substantially red-colored fluid isdispensed with portions of the system 10 that are colored red.Furthermore, and as described above, the handle assembly 18 can beconfigured to ensure that a desired one of the syringe assemblies 14, 16is connected to a pre-selected one of the connectors 54, 56 of themanifold assembly 20. In light of such features, a user can be directedin proper assembly of the system 10 according to from which of the firstand the second orifices 146, 148 each of the first and second fluidsshould be delivered.

From the previous description, it should understood that in oneembodiment, assembly of the system 10 results in the first and secondsyringe assemblies 14 being in fluid communication with the tip assembly22. In particular, in one embodiment the first syringe assembly 14 is influid communication with the first orifice 146 (FIG. 7) and the secondsyringe assembly 16 is in fluid communication with the second orifice148 (FIG. 7) such that actuation of the plungers 26, 38 dispense thefirst and second fluids (not shown) from the first and second orifices146, 148, respectively. In this manner, the first and second fluids canbe dispensed from the first and second orifices 146, 148 to a desiredtreatment site (not shown).

In light of the relationships described above, one method of deliveringthe first and second fluids (not shown) to a treatment site (not shown)can be described. In one embodiment, a user simultaneously actuates thefirst and second syringe assemblies 14, 16 by grasping the graspingportion 48 of the handle assembly 18 and pressing on the clip assembly12 connected to the plungers 26, 38. Referring back to FIGS. 9 and 10,the first fluid flows through the hole 132 to the channel 134 and isdelivered tangentially to, and into, the origin 154 of the first orifice146. This tangential relationship facilitates rotational acceleration ofthe first fluid. Furthermore, as described above, a plurality ofchannels can also be implemented to achieve rotational acceleration ofthe second fluid. From this, it should be understood that rotation ofthe second fluid can be similarly achieved at the second orifice 148,with subsequent deceleration occurring in some embodiments. However, itshould also be understood that the second distal projection 118 need notinclude the channel 138 such that the second fluid can flow from thesecond chamber 130, through the hole 136, and directly into the secondorifice 148.

In one embodiment, simultaneous actuation of the first and secondsyringe assemblies 14, 16 (FIG. 2) results in a greater volumetric flowrate of the first fluid (not shown) to the channel 134 of the firstdistal projection 116 than a volumetric flow rate of the second fluid(not shown) to the channel 138 of the second distal projection 118.This, in turn, can contribute to greater rotational acceleration (aswell as a greater volumetric flow rate) of the first fluid as it entersthe origin 154 of the first orifice 146 than the second fluid as itenters the origin 158 of the second orifice 148.

In one embodiment, the rotational acceleration of the first fluid (notshown) facilitates atomization of the first fluid upon exiting theterminal end 156 of the first orifice 146. The amount of fluid rotationcan affect the particle size and distribution of the first fluid as wellas the overall, mixed fluid properties of the first fluid. The ratio ofthe cross-sectional area of the channel 134 to the fluid volume, orvolumetric flow rate, can affect the amount of rotational accelerationachieved. In other words, a larger volume of fluid flowing through asmaller cross-sectional area can equate to a higher rotationalacceleration of the fluid through the cross-sectional area. However, agreater overall volumetric flow rate can be achieved with a largeroverall, or “summed,” cross-sectional area. As such, one embodimentincorporates more than one channel to optimize rotational accelerationand volumetric flow rates and/or reduce flow resistance in the system10. For additional understanding, rotation methodology for atomizationis described in Chemical Engineer's handbooks such as, ChemicalEngineers' Handbook (R. H. Perry & C. H. Chilton eds., 5th ed.,McGraw-Hill 1973).

In light of the above, it should also be understood that rotationalacceleration of the first and second fluids (not shown) at the origins154, 158 can be varied by modifying the tip assembly 22, such as by atleast one of the following: modifying a total number of channels,modifying a cross-sectional area of such channels, and modifying thediameters of the first and second orifices 146, 148 at the origins 154,158.

In one embodiment, the tip element 110 is configured to deliver anatomized flow from the first orifice 146. For example, at least one ofthe taper, the diameter at the origin 154, the diameter at the terminalend 156, and the length L₁ of the first orifice 146, can be selected tofacilitate production of atomized flow from the first orifice 146.However, it should be understood that in some embodiments other featurescan be added or modified to facilitate production of atomized flow fromthe first orifice 146.

In one embodiment, the second fluid (not shown) enters the channel 138and flows toward the terminal end 160 of the second orifice 148 at aslow enough rate such that there is minimal to no rotationalacceleration. The lesser volume fluid flow will have some rotation butnot enough for fluid atomization. In the absence of rotation and/orsufficient rotational acceleration, the flow of the second fluid beadsor coalesces at the terminal end 160 of the second orifice 148.

The second orifice 148 can also be configured to facilitate delivery ofa bead or stream of fluid to a point where an atomized flow of the firstfluid (not shown) is coming from the first orifice 146. For example, thenozzle 144 can be configured to assist in decelerating fluid rotation toavoid atomized flow of the second fluid from the second orifice 148. Inone embodiment, at least one of the taper, the diameter at the origin158, the diameter at the terminal end 160, the lengths L₁, L₂ of thesecond orifice 148, the volume 161 defined by the second orifice 148,and the angle Δ through which the nozzle 144 extends contribute torotational deceleration of the second fluid. While the featuresdescribed above can serve to decrease fluid rotation, or deceleratefluid rotation as it is delivered through the second orifice 148, itshould be understood that in some embodiments other features andmechanisms for facilitating drip flow can be added or modified.

Regardless, in one embodiment, the user actuates the first and secondsyringe assemblies 14, 16 to produce at atomized flow type of the firstfluid (not shown) from the terminal end 156 of the first orifice 146 anda non-atomized flow type, such as a drip-flow, of the second fluid (notshown) from the terminal end 160 of the second orifice 148. As alludedto above, the nozzle 144 can be configured to deliver the second fluiddistal or downstream to the first fluid. In one embodiment, distallyoffsetting the terminal end 160 to the terminal end 156 can allow anatomized flow (or at least a portion thereof) of the first fluid to bedelivered in the direction D₁ from the terminal end 156 of the firstorifice 146, travel past the terminal end 160 of the second orifice 158,and entrain a non-atomized flow of the second fluid from the terminalend 160 of the second orifice 158. In this manner, the atomized flow ofthe first fluid “picks up” beads of second fluid resulting in a thoroughmixing of the two fluids after exiting the first and second orifices146, 148, respectively. In one embodiment, the first and second fluidsare mixed at a point distal the terminal end 156 of the first orifice146 but prior to reaching the treatment site (not shown). In anotherembodiment, the first and second fluids begin mixing proximate the pointP (FIG. 11).

In this manner, embodiments in accordance with the present invention canprovide efficient mixing and delivery of the first and second fluids(not shown) to a delivery site (not shown). For example, a mixedactivator and base (not shown) can be delivered to a site withoutclogging concerns. In one embodiment with the base flowing past theactivator substantially no clogging can be achieved. In anotherembodiment, a small “cap” (not shown) is formed at the terminal end 160of the second orifice 156 after flow of the activator and/or base hasceased. In turn, the small cap of mixed activator and base can bereadily removed from the second orifice 156, for example by re-startingflow of the second fluid.

Another advantage can reside in not having to deliver the second fluidat a high enough flow rate or rotational acceleration to produce anatomized flow of the second fluid. In this manner, a relatively smallamount of the second fluid can be efficiently delivered without needingto achieve the volumetric flow rates and/or rotational accelerationsneeded to atomize the second fluid. For example, atomization of thesecond fluid can be difficult and/or inefficient when delivering thefirst and second fluids at volumetric ratios greater than 1:1, moredifficult and/or inefficient at volumetric ratios greater than or equalto 3:1, and even more difficult at volumetric ratios greater than orequal to 10:1.

In light of the above, embodiments of the present invention overcome atleast some problems with spray-type dispensers identified in theBackground section of this application by directing the lesser volumefluid into the path of the larger volume fluid via an angled nozzle. Forexample, embodiments include offset orifices, which deliver a lesservolume fluid distal to a larger volume fluid. In some embodiments, thelarger volume fluid is atomized as it exits an orifice and impinges on asecond, lesser volume fluid. The lesser volume fluid can be picked up bythe larger volume fluid, facilitating improved and adequate mixing ofthe two fluids prior to reaching a treatment site.

FIGS. 12 and 13 show another embodiment tip element 200 in accordancewith the present invention. In one embodiment, the tip element 200includes a nozzle 202 and a sidewall 204 defining a first orifice 206, asecond orifice 208, a first receptacle 210, and a second receptacle 212.The first and second receptacles 210, 212 are configured to receive thefirst distal projection 116 (FIG. 7) and the second distal projection118 (FIG. 7) of the connecting element 108 (FIG. 7) as previouslydescribed in association with other embodiments.

The first orifice 206 is defined by a sidewall portion 213 and definesvolume and extends a length from an origin 214 open to the firstreceptacle 210 to a terminal end 216. The second orifice 210 is definedby a sidewall portion 217 and also defines a volume and can extend alength from an origin 218 through the nozzle 202 to a terminal end 220.In one embodiment, the terminal end 220 is offset distally to theterminal end 216. In this manner, the first orifice 206 can be “shorter”than the second orifice 208 such that the first and second orifices 206,208 terminate in a different plane. In one embodiment, the terminal end220 is distally offset from the terminal end 216 a distance ofapproximately 0.05 to 0.1 inch, although other dimensions can be equallyacceptable.

In one embodiment, the sidewall portions 213, 217, are angled toward oneanother such that the first and second orifices 206, 208 are defined toextend angularly toward a common point. In this manner, an angled shapeof the first and second orifices 206, 208 assist in directing the firstand second fluids (not shown) toward each other as they exit the firstand second orifices 206, 208, respectively. In one embodiment, the openvolume and/or length of the first and second orifices 206, 208 canreduce rotation and flow rate of the first fluid (not shown) and/or thesecond fluid (not shown) to aid in ensuring that the first and/or secondfluids are not atomized. As alluded to above, the nozzle 202 extendsdistally to emit a second fluid (not shown) downstream of a first fluid.In particular, the first fluid can be dispensed to a point distal fromthe terminal end 216 to contact a second fluid being dispensed from theterminal end 220 and mix at the terminal end 226 or at a point distalthe terminal end 220.

A method of dispensing a first and a second fluid (not shown) from thetip element 200, includes expelling the first fluid from the shorter,first orifice 206 and the second fluid from the longer, the secondorifice 208. In one embodiment, the first fluid exits the first orifice206 and flows over the second orifice 208 where the second fluid isexiting, causing the two liquids to become mixed as they leave the tipelement 200. In a related embodiment, both the first and the secondfluids are expelled from the first and the second orifices 206, 208,respectively as a drip-type of flow. In another embodiment, both thefirst and the second fluids are expelled from the first and the secondorifices 206, 208, respectively as a stream-type of flow. In yet anotherembodiment, one of the first and the second fluids is expelled as adrip-type of flow and one of the first and second fluids is expelled asa stream-type of flow.

Several advantages can be achieved with embodiments of the tip element200. For example, an offset between the terminal ends 216, 220 can helpprevent the second fluid (not shown), e.g., an activator, from enteringthe first orifice 206, otherwise contaminating the first fluid (notshown), e.g., a base, or help prevent the first fluid from entering toofar into the second orifice 208, which might otherwise cause undesirableclotting or gelling of the materials. As described, another advantage isthe sidewalls 213, 217 can be angled such that the shape of the orifices206, 208 assist in directing the first and second fluids toward eachother, thereby increasing mixing.

In this manner, the tip element 200 should illustrate that orifice“offsetting” can be advantageous for applications where atomization ofthe fluids (not shown) is not necessary, but instead a bead likeapplication of both fluids is to be applied to a treatment site. Asdescribed, an offset can improve mixing without compromising towardclotting or gel formation at the terminal ends 216, 220. Furthermore,while drip flow from both the first and second orifices 206, 208 hasbeen described in association with the tip element 200, it should benoted that in other embodiments, the orifice 208 drips the second fluidwhile the first orifice 220 atomizes, or sprays the first fluid.

With reference between FIGS. 14 and 15, one embodiment of the connectingelement 252 includes a sidewall 256 defining a first chamber 258 and asecond chamber 260. In general terms, additional features of theconnecting element 252 can be similar to the connecting element 108. Thetip element 254 includes a first nozzle 262, a second nozzle 264, and athird nozzle 266. The tip element 254 also defines a first orifice 268,a second orifice 270, a third orifice 272, and a fourth orifice 274. Thefirst, second and third orifices 268, 270, 272 extend through the first,second, and third nozzles 262, 264, 266, respectively. In oneembodiment, the fourth orifice 274 can formed to be substantiallysimilar to the first orifice 146 of the tip element 110. By includingthe first, second, third, and fourth orifices 268, 270, 272, 274, thetip element 254 is configured to facilitate production of atomizedand/or non-atomized flow combinations from the first, second, third, andfourth orifices 268, 270, 272, 274 according to the principles andembodiments previously described in association with the tip assembly22. In one embodiment, the tip element 254 is configured to providedifferent emission characteristics, or flow types, from the orifices268, 270, 272, 274, such as drip, stream, or spray.

Upon assembly, the connecting element 252 and the tip element 254 areconfigured, or otherwise sized, shaped, and arranged to be rotatedrelative to one another to dispose the first and second chambers 258,260 “over” the first and third orifices 268, 272. According to thisrelationship, the tip assembly 250 can dispense a “drip-drip” flow ofthe first and second fluids (not shown). The connecting element 252 andthe tip element 254 can also be rotated to dispose the first chamber 258“over” the second and fourth orifices 270, 274. According to thisrelationship, the tip assembly 250 can deliver a “spray-drip” flow ofthe first and second fluids. From this it should be understood that auser (not shown) can select what combination of flow types (e.g. spray,drip, or stream) is to be applied. Thus, atomized or spray, drip, andstream types of flow are selectively interchanged according to a desireto utilize multiple fluid application modes on a patient withoutchanging between tip assemblies.

FIG. 16 shows another embodiment tip element 300 in accordance with thepresent invention. In one embodiment, the tip element 300 includes asidewall 302, an endwall 304, and a nozzle 306 extending from the endwall 304. In general terms, the tip element 300 also has a singleorifice 308 extending through the nozzle 306 and the end wall 304.

The sidewall 302 defines a first receptacle (not shown) and a secondreceptacle (not shown) configured to receive the first and second distalprojections 116, 118 (FIG. 7) of the connecting element 108 (FIG. 7) aspreviously described in association with other embodiments. The orifice308 defines an origin (not shown) and a terminal end 310, the orifice308 tapering in width from the origin to the terminal end 310.

The origin (not shown) is open to both the first and the secondreceptacles (not shown) of the tip element 300. In this manner, uponassembly, the orifice 308 can be in fluid communication with both thefirst chamber 128 (FIG. 8) and the second chamber 130 (FIG. 8) of theconnecting element 108 (FIG. 8). In one embodiment, the pluralities ofchannels (FIG. 7) associated with the first and second distalprojections 116, 118 (FIG. 7) deliver both the first and second fluids(not shown) to the origin of the orifice 308. Rotational acceleration ofthe fluids and/or the taper of the orifice 308 can facilitate effectivemixing of the two fluids within the orifice 308 prior to being deliveredfrom the terminal end 310.

From this, it should be understood that embodiments of the tip element300 provide advantages in mixing two fluids prior to being deliveredfrom the tip element 300. In particular, this might be desirable inapplications where a reaction time of two fluids is extended and earliermixing is otherwise desirable to decrease reaction time followingdelivery from the tip element 300.

One embodiment of a kit of parts 400 associated with the fluiddispensing system 10 is shown in FIG. 17. In one embodiment, the kit ofparts 400 includes a first syringe assembly 402, a second syringeassembly 404, a plurality of specimen cups 405 including a firstspecimen cup 406 and a second specimen cup 408, and a tray 410. Thefirst and second syringe assemblies 402, 404 are similar to embodimentsof the first and second syringe assemblies 14, 16 (FIG. 1) as previouslydescribed. The plurality of specimen cups 405 can be a type commonlyused in such applications.

The tray 410 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 18. In one embodiment,the tray 410 includes a body 412 defining a bottom support surface 414and plurality of pockets including a pocket 416. The bottom supportsurface 414 is configured to support the tray 410 in a horizontalposition, for example on a horizontal surface 418. The pocket 416defines a base 420 and a sidewall 422. The base 420 and the sidewall 422are configured to maintain the first specimen cup 406 (FIG. 16) in avertically tipped position as described in greater detail below. Thebase 420 is offset at an angle α relative to the horizontal position ofthe tray 410. In one embodiment, the angle α is approximately 5 degreesto approximately 10 degrees, although other dimensions can be equallyacceptable.

The first specimen cup 406 (FIG. 17) is placed into the pocket 416 andsupported at the angle α. Thus, the first specimen cup 406 can besupported in tipped position relative to the horizontal position of thetray 410. In this manner, the pocket 416 is configured to aid in ease ofremoving contents of the first specimen cup 406 without requiring manualmanipulation of the first specimen cup 406 or the tray 410. For example,it can be necessary to tip the first specimen cut 406 to get a lastremaining volume of the first fluid (not shown) from the first specimencup 406 and into the first syringe assembly 402.

For example, in one embodiment, the first specimen cup 406 is filledwith the first fluid (not shown) and the second specimen cup 408 isfilled with the second fluid (not shown). A user then draws the firstfluid from the first specimen cup 406 as supported in the tippedposition using the first syringe assembly 402. In particular, in oneembodiment, the user can draw substantially all of the first fluid (notshown) from first specimen cup 402 without having to manually tip thefirst specimen cup 406 or the tray 410. In a related embodiment, thesecond specimen cup 408 is maintained in a second pocket (not show) in atipped position in a similar manner to that described above. The secondspecimen cup 408 is filled with the second fluid and the user can drawsubstantially all of the second fluid from the second specimen cup 408without having to manually tip the second specimen cup 408 or the tray410. In another related embodiment, each of the pockets making up theplurality of pockets is configured to hold a corresponding one of thecups 405 in an angled or tipped position.

The tray 410 can be formed from a semi rigid material, such as apolymeric material (e.g., polystyrene, polyester, and PVC).Additionally, other accessories may also optionally be included inembodiments of the kit of parts 400. In one embodiment, the kit of parts400 includes pluralities of syringe assemblies and specimen cups, clipassemblies (not shown), handle assemblies (not shown), manifoldassemblies (not shown), tip assemblies (not shown) and/or other specificprocedure-related components. Also, the various embodiment components ofthe fluid dispensing system 10 (FIG. 1) can be provided in differentstates of assembly to afford customization or modification to meet theparticular desires of a user.

Furthermore, individual elements of embodiments of the kit of parts 400of the present invention may be packaged together, separately, or insubassemblies depending on a variety of factors such as shelf life andsterilization requirements. They may be assembled at a manufacturinglocation or at a healthcare location. Any suitable sterilizationprocedure may be utilized to sterilize the contents of the kit of parts400. Suitable sterilization techniques include, but are not limited tosteam, ethylene oxide, electron beam, vapor (e.g., hydrogen peroxide orperacetic acid), or plasma procedures, for example.

Various advantages can be realized in light of the above-describedembodiment kit of parts 400. For example, the difficulties associatedwith filling syringes with fluids stored in specimen cups can be avoidedas described above. In particular, users can avoid having to movespecimen cups into a tilted position out of a tray or tip an entiretray.

The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of theprinciples of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications andchanges will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is notdesired to limit the invention to the exact construction and processshown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications andequivalents may be resorted to falling within the scope of theinvention. Finally, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” “defining,”“having,” “include,” “including,” and “includes” when used in thisspecification are intended to specify the presence of stated features,integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence oraddition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, orgroups thereof.

1. A method of dispensing two separately maintained fluids to atreatment site of a patient, the method comprising: providing a fluiddelivery system including: a first syringe assembly maintaining a firstfluid, a second syringe assembly maintaining a second fluid, the firstand second syringes are configured to maintain respective volumes of thefirst and second fluids at a predetermined volumetric ratio; a tipelement defining: a first orifice extending to a terminal end, the firstorifice in fluid communication with the first syringe assembly, a secondorifice extending to a terminal end, the second orifice in fluidcommunication with the second syringe assembly; and based on thepredetermined volumetric ratio, dispensing a first flow of the firstfluid from the terminal end of the first orifice into a second flow ofthe second fluid from the terminal end of the second orifice, whereinone of the first and second flows is an atomized flow and the other oneof the first and second flows is a non-atomized flow.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: entraining a non-atomized flow of thesecond fluid in an atomized flow of the first fluid.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein dispensing the first and second fluids includes:dispensing the first fluid from the terminal end of the first orifice ina first direction and the second fluid from the terminal end of thesecond orifice in a second direction, the first direction angularlyoffset from the second direction.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereindispensing the first and second fluids includes: dispensing the firstfluid as an atomized flow and the second fluid as a non-atomized flow.5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first fluid is platelet richplasma and the second fluid is thrombin.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the first and second fluids are dispensed at the volumetricratio between approximately 1:1 and 11:1.
 7. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the first and second fluids are dispensed at thevolumetric ratio greater than approximately 11:1.
 8. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the first and second fluids are dispensedat the volumetric ratio less than approximately 1:1.
 9. A fluid deliverysystem for dispensing two separately maintained fluids to a treatmentsite of a patient, comprising: a first syringe assembly maintaining afirst fluid, a second syringe assembly maintaining a second fluid, thefirst and second syringes are configured to maintain respective volumesof the first and second fluids at a predetermined volumetric ratio; atip element defining: a first orifice extending to a terminal end, thefirst orifice in fluid communication with the first syringe assembly, asecond orifice extending to a terminal end, the second orifice in fluidcommunication with the second syringe assembly; and based on thepredetermined volumetric ratio, a first flow of the first fluid isdispensed from the terminal end of the first orifice into a second flowof the second fluid from the terminal end of the second orifice, whereinone of the first and second flows is an atomized flow and the other oneof the first and second flows is a non-atomized flow.